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PRESENT PERFECT

HOW TO LIVE TO BE A HUNDRED

Ellsworth has killed two birds with one stone here on his day of rest.

Has Ellsworth killed one bird with two stones? No, he hasn‟t. He‟s killed two birds with one stone.

Has it been a day of rest for Ellsworth? Yes, it has. It has been a day of rest for Ellsworth.

He has not just relaxed on his day of rest. He has relaxed with members of his community.

Has he relaxed on his day of rest? Yes, he‟s relaxed. Has he relaxed by himself? No, he hasn‟t relaxed by himself. Who has he relaxed with? He has relaxed with members of his community.

These are people who have shared the same beliefs, values, and attitudes as he has.

Have these people shared the same beliefs as Ellsworth? Yes, they‟ve shared the same beliefs?

Have they shared the same values? Yes, they‟ve shared the same values. And how about attitudes?

Have they shared the same attitudes as Ellsworth? Yes, they‟ve shared the same attitudes as well.

Having a sense of belonging has been an important aspect of Blue Zone lifestyles.

What has been an important aspect of Blue Zone lifestyles? Having a sense of belonging has been an important aspect of Blue Zone lifestyles. Has having a sense of belonging been an important aspect of your lifestyle?

Looking back, all Blue Zone inhabitants have had a strong social network, and they have placed a strong emphasis on family.

Have all Blue Zone inhabitants had a weak social network? No, they haven‟t. They‟ve had a strong social network. And have all Blue Zone inhabitants placed a strong emphasis on friends? No, they haven‟t. They‟ve placed a strong emphasis on family.

They have surrounded themselves with the right kind of people, who are equally as healthy and happy.

Have they surrounded themselves with the right kind of people? Yes, they‟ve surrounded themselves with the right kind of people. And have those people been unhealthy and sad? No, they definitely have not. Instead, those people have been healthy and happy. Have you been healthy and happy recently?

For Ushi and her friends Setsuko and Matsu, this sense of belonging has most strongly been felt in their moai.

For Ushi and her friends, where has this sense of belonging been most strongly felt? It has been most strongly felt in their moai.

A moai is a small group of people who stick together for life. Ushi and her friends have been in the same moai for their entire lives.

Have Ushi and her friends been in different moai? No, they haven‟t. They have been in the same moai. How long have Ushi and her friends been in the same moai? They‟ve been in the same moai for their entire lives.

Through their moai, they have supported each other financially, socially, and emotionally.

Through their moai, have Ushi and her friends supported each other? Yes, they have. And how have they supported each other? They have supported each other financially, socially, and emotionally.

When times have been tough for one person, the moai has helped that person out.

Has the moai helped during tough times? Yes, indeed. The moai has certainly helped during tough times.

Having this safety net has taken the stress away in times of need.

Has having this safety net added stress in times of need? No, definitely not. Having this safety net has taken the stress away in times of need.

And for Tonino and other Sardinian people, family has been the bedrock of their lives.

For whom has family been the bedrock of their lives? For Tonino and other Sardinian people, family has been the bedrock of their lives. Has family been the bedrock of your life?

For many generations, Sardinian families have been dedicated to supporting each other in times of difficulty and in caring for the elderly.

Have Sardinian families been dedicated to supporting each other for just a few generations? No, Sardinian families have been dedicated to supporting each other for many generations. Have they supported each other in times of difficulty? Yes, they have. They have supported each other in times of difficulty. And have they supported each other in caring for the elderly? Yes, they‟ve also supported each other in caring for the elderly.

Putting a family elder into a nursing home would have been considered a great dishonor.

What would have been considered a great dishonor? Putting a family elder into a nursing home would have been considered a great dishonor. Have you ever put a family elder into a nursing home? When you become an elderly person, would you like to live in a nursing home?