تمرین مکالمه

Dogs and Humans: Evolutionary Friends

Topher Brophy described himself as a self-absorbed narcissist.

Who described himself as a self-absorbed narcissist? Topher Brophy described himself as a self-absorbed narcissist.

He played competitive sports obsessively to keep his mind off of his empty life.

What did he play obsessively? He played competitive sports obsessively.

Was he trying to keep his mind off of his empty life? Yes, he was trying to keep his mind off of his empty life.

Then one day, Brophy hurt his back.

What did Brophy hurt? Brophy hurt his back.

Suddenly, he was forced to slow down and take a good hard look at his life.

Did he speed up? No, he did not speed up. He slowed down. Did he take a good hard look at his life? Yes, he took a good hard look at his life.

That is when it dawned on him – he only cared about himself.

What dawned on him? It dawned on him that he only cared about himself.

He decided he needed something to care for.

What did he need? He needed something to care for.

He got himself a shaggy brown dog named Rosenberg.

Did he get himself a shaggy white dog? No, he did not get himself a shaggy white dog. He got himself a shaggy brown dog. What was the dog’s name?

The dog’s name was Rosenberg.

Suddenly, his focus shifted from himself to Rosenberg and his life began to take on new meaning.

Where did his focus shift to? His focus shifted to Rosenberg. What began to take on new meaning? His life began to take on new meaning.

He brought Rosenberg with him everywhere.

Where did he bring Rosenberg? He brought Rosenberg with him everywhere.

People often said that the two had an uncanny resemblance.

What was uncanny? Their resemblance was uncanny.

Brophy thought it would be funny to see people’s reactions if he dressed Rosenberg in an outfit that matched his own.

Did Brophy want to see people’s reactions if he dressed Rosenberg in an outfit that matched his own? Yes, Brophy wanted to see people’s reactions if he dressed Rosenberg in an outfit that matched his own.

People loved seeing the two of them dressed like twins.

What did people love seeing the two of them dressed like? People loved seeing the two of them dressed like twins.

And Brophy loved seeing that he was making other people happy.

Did Brophy love seeing that he was making other people sad? No, Brophy did not love seeing that he was making other people sad. Brophy loved seeing that he was making other people happy.

He took a few photos of himself and Rosenberg in matching outfits and posted them on the Internet.

What did he take a few photos of? He took a few photos of himself and Rosenberg in matching outfits. Where did he post them? He posted them on the internet.

People went wild for the photos.

What did people go wild for? People went wild for the photos.

He has nearly 200,000 followers on Instagram and he’s made a career out of posting photos of himself and his dog dressed alike.

How many followers does he have on Instagram? He has nearly 200,000 followers on Instagram. Did he make a career out of posting photos? Yes, he made a career out of posting photos.

Brophy and Rosenberg aren’t the only human/dog couple that looks alike.

Are Brophy and Rosenberg the only human/dog couple that looks alike? No, Brophy and Rosenberg aren’t the only human/dog couple that looks alike.

Psychologists say that humans are naturally drawn toward things that are similar to them.

What are humans naturally drawn toward? Humans are naturally drawn toward things that are similar to them.

For this reason, many humans choose dogs that look like them.

What dogs do many humans choose? Many humans choose dogs that look like them.

The close bond between people and dogs originally started with wolves.

Did the close bond between people and cats originally start with wolves?

No, the close bond between people and cats did not originally start with wolves. The close bond between people and dogs originally started with wolves.

The common belief is that one day, a hunter-gatherer found some wolf puppies and adopted them.

What is the common belief? The common belief is that one day, a huntergatherer found some wolf puppies and adopted them.

Over time, humans used the wolves to help them hunt.

Did the wolves use humans to help them hunt? No, the wolves did not use humans to help them hunt. Humans used the wolves to help them hunt.

So, humans kept the wolves around until they eventually evolved into dogs.

Did humans keep the wolves around? Yes, humans kept the wolves around.

What did the wolves eventually evolve into? The wolves eventually evolved into dogs.

However, some researchers now argue that humans didn’t domesticate wolves.

Rather, it was the wolves who first approached humans.

Who was it that first approached humans? It was the wolves who first approached humans.

Bold and aggressive wolves who came close to humans would have been killed.

What kind of wolves would have been killed? Bold and aggressive wolves who came close to humans would have been killed.

But, the ones that were bold and friendly were tolerated.

Which ones were tolerated? The ones that were bold and friendly were tolerated.

Over time, these friendly wolves started to look and act differently from their wild cousins.

Did these friendly wolves start to look and act differently from their wild cousins? Yes, these friendly wolves started to look and act differently from their wild cousins.

They became skillful at reading human gestures.

Did they become skillful at reading human books? No, they didn’t become skillful at reading human books. They became skillful at reading human gestures.

And of course, living with humans gave the wolves a more constant food supply, something wild wolves had to work much harder to get.

What did living with humans give the wolves? Living with humans gave the wolves a more constant food supply. Did wild wolves have to work harder or less hard to get their food? Wild wolves had to work harder to get their food.

For the humans, their new canine companions proved valuable.

For humans, what proved valuable? Their new canine companions proved valuable.

The wolves gave them a leg up during a hunt.

When did the wolves give them a leg up? The wolves gave them a leg up during a hunt. Was this an advantage or disadvantage? It was an advantage.

They also served as a warning system, barking at strangers from other tribes.

What did they serve as? They served as a warning system. And who did they bark at? They barked at strangers from other tribes.

And they defended humans from large predators, like bears and mountain lions.

Did they defend humans from small predators like foxes and bobcats? No, they didn’t defend humans from small predators like foxes and bobcats.

They defended humans from large predators like bears and mountain lions.

It was a win-win situation for both species.

Who was it a win-win situation for? It was a win-win situation for both species.

So rather than humans adopting wolf puppies, perhaps it was the wolves that adopted us. And that makes us wonder: was it Brophy that adopted Rosenberg, or the other way around?